The studies listed below are peer reviewed papers on the topic of rapid onset cancers ascribed to the Covid mRNA vaccines and boosters and cases of cancer relapse post vaccine. Please check this page from time to time as new research is added as it is published.

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Papers are listed by date, the most recent appearing at the top of the page. Click to expand for a full text link, author details, correspondence and abstract. Where a paper is published in multiple journals, the link provided is to a full text version. If we have missed important validated research, please log in and use the comment box below to send us a link. Acceptance of submitted links is at the discretion of the editors.

Please note that on occasion, a retracted study will still be listed. This is an editorial decision, based on the reasons for the papers retraction. Clear attempts to discredit research with a view to censorship does not warrant retraction. These papers are highlighted in red and where possible PDF versions exist on our servers.

Study Details

FULL TEXT LINK: View Paper

PUBLICATION DATE: January, 2026

PUBLICATION: Oncotarget Journal, PubMed

AUTHORS

Patrizia Gentilini, Janci C. Lindsay, Nafuko Konishi, Masanori Fukushima and Panagis Polykretis

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28827

PMID:

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the potential association between modified mRNA (modRNA) COVID-19 vaccinations and the development of haematopoietic cancers. We present a case involving a healthy, young, athletic woman who developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) following her second dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty®). This case is part of an expanding body of literature documenting similar occurrences after modRNA vaccinations, which we critically examine. Emerging evidence suggests that the biodistribution and persistence of modRNA, facilitated by lipid nanoparticles, can affect various tissues and organs, including the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs. Notably, modRNA vaccines exhibit a particular affinity for the bone marrow, potentially influencing the immune system at multiple levels and triggering both autoimmune disorders and neoplastic processes. In this article, we assess the risk of developing haematopoietic cancers post-modRNA vaccination based on current scientific literature and explore the reported potential genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. By integrating clinical observations and current research, we aim to provide valuable insights into the potential carcinogenic outcomes associated with modRNA vaccination.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: January, 2026

PUBLICATION: Oncotarget Journal, PubMed

AUTHORS

Charlotte Kuperwasser, Wafik S. El-Deiry

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected], [email protected]

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28824

PMID: 41498242

ABSTRACT

A growing number of peer-reviewed publications have reported diverse cancer types appearing in temporal association with COVID-19 vaccination or infection. To characterize the nature and scope of these reports, a systematic literature search from January 2020 to October 2025 was conducted based on specified eligibility criteria. A total of 69 publications met inclusion criteria: 66 article-level reports describing 333 patients across 27 countries, 2 retrospective population-level investigations (Italy: ~300,000 cohort, and Korea: ~8.4 million cohort) quantified cancer incidence and mortality trends among vaccinated populations, and one longitudinal analysis of ~1.3 million US miliary service members spanning the pre-pandemic through post- pandemic periods. Most of the studies documented hematologic malignancies (non- Hodgkin’s lymphomas, cutaneous lymphomas, leukemias), solid tumors (breast, lung, melanoma, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma), and virus-associated cancers (Kaposi and Merkel cell carcinoma). Across reports, several recurrent themes emerged: (1) unusually rapid progression, recurrence, or reactivation of preexisting indolent or controlled disease, (2) atypical or localized histopathologic findings, including involvement of vaccine injection sites or regional lymph nodes, and (3) proposed immunologic links between acute infection or vaccination and tumor dormancy, immune escape, or microenvironmental shifts. The predominance of case- level observations and early population-level data demonstrates an early phase of potential safety-signal detection. These findings underscore the need for rigorous epidemiologic, longitudinal, clinical, histopathological, forensic, and mechanistic studies to assess whether and under what conditions COVID-19 vaccination or infection may be linked with cancer.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: January, 2026

PUBLICATION: Oncotarget Journal

AUTHOR: Wafik S. El-Deiry

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28823

PMID: 41498241

ABSTRACT

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a causative agent in several cancers including cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, penile, vulvar and vaginal cancers. HPV through its virus-encoded protein E6 and the cellular E6-Associated Protein (E6-AP) target the tumor suppressor p53 protein for degradation thereby contributing to cancer development after HPV infection. As viruses cause cancer, the author previously hypothesized that SARS-COV-2 virus may be associated with cancer. More recent insights on the present hypothesis have come from studies suggesting (1) Spike protein of SARS-COV-2 may suppress p53 function, (2) cancer has been associated with mRNA vaccines that produce Spike, and (3) a case mentioned by Dr. Patrick Soon Shiong of a patient who survived HPV-associated head and neck cancer, but the tumor recurred after COVID mRNA vaccination including with liver metastases. Thus, the present hypothesis is that virally encoded proteins such as HPV-E6 or SARS-COV-2 Spike may cooperate in suppressing host defenses including tumor suppressor mechanisms involving p53. The hypothesis can be further explored through epidemiologic and laboratory studies.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: December 2025

PUBLICATION: PubMed Central

AUTHORS

Ciro Isidoro

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3390/cancers17233867

PMID: 41375068

ABSTRACT

To contrast the COVID-19 pandemic brought by the corona virus SARS-CoV-2, two mRNA-based anti-COVID-19 vaccines (by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were made available relatively quickly and deployed worldwide based on an emergency approval. Being considered vulnerable and at risk of infection, cancer patients have been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and vaccinated repeatedly because of the short time protection provided by these vaccines. Recently, a surge in the incidence and rapid progression of cancers has been observed in many countries, which could (at least partially) represent cancers undiagnosed or untreated during the pandemic. It has also been suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 itself or even the anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could have contributed to the recurrence and worse clinical outcome in cancer patients, given the high incidence of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients and that these patients have been vaccinated with priority several times and in a short period. Although it appears extremely unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 and anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines elicit genotoxic events and cause neo-cancerogenesis in a short time, they could still cause non-genotoxic pro-carcinogenic effects by triggering an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, compromising immune homeostasis, stimulating cell proliferation, and negatively affecting cellular stress response and damage repair machinery. This could result in the promotion of regrowth of dormant micrometastases or relapses of stable minimal residual disease. Such a harmful outcome may likely result from a synergy between the virus and the vaccine, especially in multi-vaccinated and multi-infected individuals. Here, I bring the cell pathologist’s point of view and discuss the multiple possible mechanisms by which the virus and the anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccine might favor tumorigenesis. While a causal link cannot be established at this stage, knowledge of potential carcinogenic risks could help doctors and health policymakers take the best actions to protect vulnerable patients and convince the vaccine developer to design a vaccine free from such harm.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: December 2025

PUBLICATION: PubMed Central

AUTHORS

Natalia Lidmar Von Ranke, Wei Zhang, Philipp Anokhin, Nicolas Hulscher, Kevin McKernan, Peter Mccullough, John Catanzaro

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.113869

PMID: 41497694

ABSTRACT

This study demonstrates that individuals experiencing new-onset adverse events or cancer after messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination exhibit widespread transcriptomic dysregulation. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, proteasome and ribosomal stress, and nonsense-mediated decay, with additional genomic instability and epigenetic reprogramming in cancer patients. Notably, myelocytomatosis oncogene activation and heightened immune signaling via toll-like receptors and type I interferons were observed. These findings highlight shared and distinct molecular signatures, underscoring the need for further investigation into long-term mRNA vaccine safety and host variability.

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Study Details

TEXT LINK (SUBSCRIPTION): View Paper

PUBLICATION DATE: November, 2025

PUBLICATION: Journal of Dermatological Science

AUTHORS

Shigetoshi Sano

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2025.09.007

PMID: 41076388

ABSTRACT

No extract available

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2025

PUBLICATION: International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science

AUTHORS

John A. Catanzaro , Nicolas Hulscher , Peter A. McCullough

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol10-i10/2130

PMID: Not issued

ABSTRACT

Bladder cancer is rare in young women, and advanced presentations are exceptionally uncommon. We report a de-identified case of a previously healthy 31-year-old female who developed rapidly progressive stage IV bladder cancer within 12 months of completing a three-dose Moderna mRNA vaccination series (May 2021, June 2021, December 2021).

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: August, 2025

PUBLICATION: PubMed

AUTHORS

Hong Jin Kim, Min-Ho Kim, Myeong Geun Cho, Eun Mi Chun

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected].

DOI: 10.1186/s40364-025-00831-w

PMID: 41013858

ABSTRACT

The oncogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothetically proposed, but real-world data on COVID-19 infection and vaccination are insufficient. Therefore, this large-scale population-based retrospective study in Seoul, South Korea, aimed to estimate the cumulative incidences and subsequent risks of overall cancers 1 year after COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 8,407,849 individuals between 2021 and 2023 were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance database. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their COVID-19 vaccination status. The risks for overall cancer were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, and data were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The HRs of thyroid (HR, 1.351; 95% CI, 1.206–1.514), gastric (HR, 1.335; 95% CI, 1.130–1.576), colorectal (HR, 1.283; 95% CI, 1.122–1.468), lung (HR, 1.533; 95% CI, 1.254–1.874), breast (HR, 1.197; 95% CI, 1.069–1.340), and prostate (HR, 1.687; 95% CI, 1.348–2.111) cancers significantly increased at 1 year post-vaccination. In terms of vaccine type, cDNA vaccines were associated with the increased risks of thyroid, gastric, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers; mRNA vaccines were linked to the increased risks of thyroid, colorectal, lung, and breast cancers; and heterologous vaccination was related to the increased risks of thyroid and breast cancers. Given the observed associations between COVID-19 vaccination and cancer incidence by age, sex, and vaccine type, further research is needed to determine whether specific vaccination strategies may be optimal for populations in need of COVID-19 vaccination.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: August, 2025

PUBLICATION: Journal of Independent Medicine

AUTHORS

Paul Marik, Justus Hope

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.71189/JIM/2025/V01N03A02

PMID: None issued

ABSTRACT

The incidence of cancers has increased exponentially worldwide since the universal COVID-19 vaccination program began at the end of 2020. These cancers tend to present at an advanced stage, progress rapidly, and occur in younger patients. Additionally, some patients previously in remission have been reported to develop uncontrolled cancer relapses shortly after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination (usually a booster). The temporal association between these cancers and COVID-19 vaccination is undeniable. These observations have given rise to the term “turbo-cancers.” Although not a formally recognized oncologic classification, the term “turbo cancer” has gained traction among clinicians describing a pattern of unusually aggressive, rapidly progressing cancers—particularly among younger individuals and those previously in remission. In light of these reports, this review explores plausible biological mechanisms and available data to encourage scientific inquiry rather than premature dismissal. According to the Vaccine Event Reporting System (VAERS), the highest reported cancer risks involve the appendix, followed by breast, colorectal, laryngeal, endometrial, and hepatic cancers. A multi-hit hypothesis of oncogenesis—grounded in biological plausibility and supported by safety reports filed to VAERS — has been proposed to explain how COVID-19 vaccination may contribute to cancer development. In addition, we propose that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein directly interferes with the fundamental pathways causing carcinogenesis, namely metabolic reprogramming, cancer stem cell propagation, apoptosis resistance, metastatic potential, and altered immune surveillance. While the prognosis of these cancers is poor, an aggressive therapeutic approach using metabolic and repurposed drugs may offer benefit.

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Study Details

PAPER LINK: View Paper (Download link of PDF for full paper here)

PUBLICATION DATE: July, 2025

PUBLICATION: PubMed Central, EXCLI Journal

AUTHORS

Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Angelo Capodici, Graziella Soldato, Matteo Fiore, Enrico Zauli, Roberto Carota, Marco De Benedictis, Graziano Di Marco, Rossano Di Luzio, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.17179/excli2025-8400

PMID: 40881928

ABSTRACT

Anecdotal reports suggested an association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and some cancers, but no formal assessment has been published. This population-wide cohort analysis was aimed at evaluating the risk of all-cause death and cancer hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 immunization status. Using National Health System official data, the entire population of the Pescara province, Italy was followed from June 2021 (six months after the first vaccination) to December 2023. Cox models were adjusted for age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and selected comorbidities. Of the 296,015 residents aged ≥11 years, 16.6% were unvaccinated, 83.3% received ≥1 dose, and 62.2% ≥3 doses. Compared with the unvaccinated, those receiving ≥1 dose showed a significantly lower likelihood of all-cause death, and a slightly higher likelihood of hospitalization for cancer (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11-1.37). The latter association was significant only among the subjects with no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and was reversed when the minimum time between vaccination and cancer hospitalization was set to 12 months. The subjects who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination showed a substantial reduction in all-cause mortality, and a risk of cancer hospitalization that varied by infection status, cancer site, and the minimum lag-time after vaccination. Given that it was not possible to quantify the potential impact of the healthy vaccinee bias and unmeasured confounders, these findings are inevitably preliminary. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: June, 2025

PUBLICATION: Bentham Science

AUTHORS

Batuhan Erdoğdu, Ozan Kaplan, Bilge Başak Fidan, Mustafa Çelebier, Ümit Yavuz Malkan, Ibrahim C. Haznedaroglu

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.2174/0115665240361878250601074746

PMID: 40464175

ABSTRACT

Background: Leukemia is marked by clonal hematopoietic stem cell expansion and metabolic reprogramming. The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has been proven effective, though questions remain about its broader physiological effects. This study investigates metabolomic alterations in leukemic bone marrow potentially associated with BNT162b2 vaccination. Objective: To compare the bone marrow metabolomic profiles of leukemia patients with and without BNT162b2 vaccination, and healthy unvaccinated controls, to explore potential metabolic differences. Methods: Bone marrow samples were obtained from three groups: vaccinated leukemia patients (n=7), unvaccinated leukemia patients without COVID-19 history (n=2), and unvaccinated healthy controls (n=7). Untargeted metabolomics was performed using LC-QTOF-MS. Data were analyzed using XCMS and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 to identify statistically significant metabolite differences and affected pathways. Fold change >1.5 and p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: Distinct metabolic profiles were observed between the leukemia and control groups. Increased glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway activity, and altered tryptophan, lipid, and heme metabolism were noted in leukemia samples. Metabolic changes in vaccinated patients (ASL) were more similar to unvaccinated leukemia patients (LO) than to healthy controls, with minor vaccine-associated variations. Notable metabolites included 5-methoxyindoleacetate, phosphorylcholine, and tetrahydrofolic acid. Conclusion: This preliminary study identified altered metabolic pathways in leukemia bone marrow and suggests metabolomic differences associated with BNT162b2 vaccination. While the findings do not support a causal link between mRNA vaccination and leukemia development, they highlight the need for further studies to understand vaccine-induced metabolic modulation in hematological contexts.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: May, 2024

PUBLICATION: Science Direct

AUTHORS

Alberto Rubio-Casillas, David Cowley, Mikolaj Raszek, Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131427

PMID: 38583833

ABSTRACT

Due to the health emergency created by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, the rapid implementation of a new vaccine technology was necessary. mRNA vaccines, being one of the cutting-edge new technologies, attracted significant interest and offered a lot of hope. The potential of these vaccines in preventing admission to hospitals and serious illness in people with comorbidities has recently been called into question due to the vaccines’ rapidly waning immunity. Mounting evidence indicates that these vaccines, like many others, do not generate sterilizing immunity, leaving people vulnerable to recurrent infections. Additionally, it has been discovered that the mRNA vaccines inhibit essential immunological pathways, thus impairing early interferon signaling. Within the framework of COVID-19 vaccination, this inhibition ensures an appropriate spike protein synthesis and a reduced immune activation. Evidence is provided that adding 100 % of N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ) to the mRNA vaccine in a melanoma model stimulated cancer growth and metastasis, while non-modified mRNA vaccines induced opposite results, thus suggesting that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could aid cancer development. Based on this compelling evidence, we suggest that future clinical trials for cancers or infectious diseases should not use mRNA vaccines with a 100 % m1Ψ modification, but rather ones with the lower percentage of m1Ψ modification to avoid immune suppression.

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Study Details

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PREPRINT DATE: April, 2024

PUBLICATION: Open Exploration

AUTHORS

Mikolaj Raszek, David Cowley, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00140

PMID: Not indexed

ABSTRACT

Repeated inoculation with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines elicits immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody production. Such an increase in the concentration of specific and non-specific IgG4 antibodies allows the growth of some types of cancer by blocking the activation of effector immune cells. This work proposes the hypothesis that cancer growth may be indirectly promoted by increased concentrations of non-specific IgG4 antibodies by the following mechanisms: 1) IgG4 antibodies can bind to anti-tumor IgG1 antibodies and block their interaction with receptors located on effector cells, thus preventing the destruction of cancer cells, 2) IgG4 can interact with fragment crystallizable gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIB) inhibitory receptors, thus reducing effector functions of innate immune cells, and 3) targeting of specific epitopes by IgG4 could be oncogenic by inducing the production of a microenvironment that can promote cancer development. This article reviews the supporting literature and suggests several experimental protocols to evaluate this hypothesis in the context of repeated inoculation with mRNA vaccines. Additionally, this work proposes some management options aimed at reducing the unfavorable molecular consequences that could mediate cancer development when encountering high concentrations of IgG4 antibodies.

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Study Details

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PREPRINT DATE: April, 2024

PUBLICATION: Science Direct

AUTHORS

Shengliang Zhang, Wafik S. El-Deiry

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589252

PMID: Not indexed

ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 infection has led to worsened outcomes for patients with cancer. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates host cell infection and cell-cell fusion that causes stabilization of tumor suppressor p53 protein. In-silico analysis previously suggested that SARS-CoV-2 spike interacts with p53 directly but this putative interaction has not been demonstrated in cells. We examined the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike, p53 and MDM2 (E3 ligase, which mediates p53 degradation) in cancer cells using an immunoprecipitation assay. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interrupts p53-MDM2 protein interaction but did not detect SARS-CoV-2 spike bound with p53 protein in the cancer cells. We further observed that SARS-CoV-2 spike suppresses p53 transcriptional activity in cancer cells including after nutlin exposure of wild-type p53-, spike S2-expressing tumor cells and inhibits chemotherapy-induced p53 gene activation of p21(WAF1), TRAIL Death Receptor DR5 and MDM2. The suppressive effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike on p53-dependent gene activation provides a potential molecular mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may impact tumorigenesis, tumor progression and chemotherapy sensitivity. In fact, cisplatin-treated tumor cells expressing spike S2 were found to have increased cell viability as compared to control cells. Further observations on γ-H2AX expression in spike S2-expressing cells treated with cisplatin may indicate altered DNA damage sensing in the DNA damage response pathway. The preliminary observations reported here warrant further studies to unravel the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its various encoded proteins including spike on pathways of tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapeutics.

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Study Details

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FOH SERVER HOSTED FILES: Study (PDF) Supple Data (PDF)

PUBLICATION DATE: April 2024

PUBLICATION: Zenodo

AUTHORS

Gibo Miki, Kojima Seiji, Fujisawa Akinor, Kikuchi Takayuki,Fukushima Masanori

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]; Tel: +81(889)660031; Fax: +81(889)660032

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8352449

PMID:

ABSTRACT

Excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic have become an issue in Japan, which has a rapidly aging population, and we conducted this study to evaluate how age-adjusted mortality rates for individual cancers shifted during the pandemic

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PUBLICATION DATE: December, 2023

PUBLICATION: Cureus

AUTHORS

Raquel Valdes Angues, Yolanda Perea Bustos

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50703

PMID:

ABSTRACT

Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease. The “hallmarks of cancer” were proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) as a group of biological competencies that human cells attain as they progress from normalcy to neoplastic transformation. These competencies include self-sufficiency in proliferative signaling, insensitivity to growth-suppressive signals and immune surveillance, the ability to evade cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, and activating tissue invasion and metastasis. Underlying these competencies are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters their function(s). Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: a heterogeneous repertoire of infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix, known as the tumor microenvironment, that through a dynamic and reciprocal relationship with cancer cells supports immortality, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for caution when advising all people with cancer (or a previous history of cancer) to receive the COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, and the risk of interactions with anticancer therapies, which could reduce the value and innocuity of either medical treatment. After reviewing the available literature, we are particularly concerned that certain COVID-19 vaccines may generate a pro-tumorigenic milieu (i.e., a specific environment that could lead to neoplastic transformation) that predisposes some (stable) oncologic patients and survivors to cancer progression, recurrence, and/or metastasis. This hypothesis is based on biological plausibility and fulfillment of the multi-hit hypothesis of oncogenesis (i.e., induction of lymphopenia and inflammation, downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, activation of oncogenic cascades, sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins, dysregulation of the RNA-G quadruplex-protein binding system, alteration of type I interferon responses, unsilencing of retrotransposable elements, etc.) together with growing evidence and safety reports filed to Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting that some cancer patients experienced disease exacerbation or recurrence following COVID-19 vaccination. In light of the above and because some of these concerns (i.e., alteration of oncogenic pathways, promotion of inflammatory cascades, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system) also apply to cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we encourage the scientific and medical community to urgently evaluate the impact of both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on cancer biology and tumor registries, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2023

PUBLICATION: Science Direct

AUTHORS

Kasra Jahankhani, Fatemeh Ahangari. Ian M. Adcock, Esmaeil Mortaz

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.014

PMID: 37230238

ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term effects, which has claimed many millions of lives since 2019, the long-term complications of this virus are still under investigation. Similar to many oncogenic viruses, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 employs various strategies to cause cancer in different organs. These include leveraging the renin angiotensin system, altering tumor suppressing pathways by means of its nonstructural proteins, and triggering inflammatory cascades by enhancing cytokine production in the form of a “cytokine storm” paving the way for the emergence of cancer stem cells in target organs. Since infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs. Thus, we have reviewed the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the vulnerability and susceptibility of specific organs to cancer development. It is important to note that the cancer-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 proposed in this article are based on the ability of the virus and its proteins to cause cancer but that the long-term consequences of this infection will only be illustrated in the long run.

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PUBLICATION DATE: May 2023

PUBLICATION: MDPI

AUTHORS

Peter I Parry, Astrid Lefringhausen, Conny Turni, Christopher J Neil, Robyn Cosford, Nicholas J Hudson, Julian Gillespie

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082287

PMID: 37626783

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. The production of ‘safe and effective’ vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates of adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for the widespread harms of novel product COVID-19 mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines and is novel in attempting to provide a thorough overview of harms arising from the new technology in vaccines that relied on human cells producing a foreign antigen that has evidence of pathogenicity. This first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter to the ‘safe and effective’ narrative attached to these new technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed ‘spikeopathy’, whether from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin to a ‘synthetic virus’, is increasingly understood in terms of molecular biology and pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant from the injection site by lipid-nanoparticles or viral-vector carriers means that ‘spikeopathy’ can affect many organs. The inflammatory properties of the nanoparticles used to ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed to prolong synthetic mRNA function; the widespread biodistribution of the mRNA and DNA codes and translated spike proteins, and autoimmunity via human production of foreign proteins, contribute to harmful effects. This paper reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, and autopsy evidence for spikeopathy. With many gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, a re-evaluation is necessary and timely.

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PUBLICATION DATE: May 2023

PUBLICATION: PubMed Central

AUTHORS

Vladimir N Uversky, Elrashdy M Redwan, William Makis, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050991

PMID: 37243095

ABSTRACT

Less than a year after the global emergence of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a novel vaccine platform based on mRNA technology was introduced to the market. Globally, around 13.38 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses of diverse platforms have been administered. To date, 72.3% of the total population has been injected at least once with a COVID-19 vaccine. As the immunity provided by these vaccines rapidly wanes, their ability to prevent hospitalization and severe disease in individuals with comorbidities has recently been questioned, and increasing evidence has shown that, as with many other vaccines, they do not produce sterilizing immunity, allowing people to suffer frequent re-infections. Additionally, recent investigations have found abnormally high levels of IgG4 in people who were administered two or more injections of the mRNA vaccines. HIV, Malaria, and Pertussis vaccines have also been reported to induce higher-than-normal IgG4 synthesis. Overall, there are three critical factors determining the class switch to IgG4 antibodies: excessive antigen concentration, repeated vaccination, and the type of vaccine used. It has been suggested that an increase in IgG4 levels could have a protecting role by preventing immune over-activation, similar to that occurring during successful allergen-specific immunotherapy by inhibiting IgE-induced effects. However, emerging evidence suggests that the reported increase in IgG4 levels detected after repeated vaccination with the mRNA vaccines may not be a protective mechanism; rather, it constitutes an immune tolerance mechanism to the spike protein that could promote unopposed SARS-CoV2 infection and replication by suppressing natural antiviral responses. Increased IgG4 synthesis due to repeated mRNA vaccination with high antigen concentrations may also cause autoimmune diseases, and promote cancer growth and autoimmune myocarditis in susceptible individuals.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: May 2023

PUBLICATION: Frontiers

AUTHORS

Sander Eens, Manon Van Hecke, Kasper Favere, Thomas Tousseyn, Pieter-Jan Guns, Tania Roskams, Hein Heidbuchel

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158124

PMID: 37197431

ABSTRACT

Unprecedented immunization campaigns have been rolled out worldwide in an attempt to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple vaccines were brought to the market, among two utilizing novel messenger ribonucleic acid technology. Despite their undisputed success in decreasing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and mortality, various adverse events have been reported. The emergence of malignant lymphoma is one of such rare adverse events that has raised concern, although an understanding of the mechanisms potentially involved remains lacking. Herein, we present the first case of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma following intravenous high-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2) in a BALB/c mouse. Two days following booster vaccination (i.e., 16 days after prime), at only 14 weeks of age, our animal suffered spontaneous death with marked organomegaly and diffuse malignant infiltration of multiple extranodal organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen) by lymphoid neoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination revealed organ sections positive for CD19, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and c-MYC, compatible with a B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma immunophenotype. Our murine case adds to previous clinical reports on malignant lymphoma development following novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, although a demonstration of direct causality remains difficult. Extra vigilance is required, with conscientious reporting of similar cases and a further investigation of the mechanisms of action explaining the aforementioned association.

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PUBLICATION DATE: December, 2022

PUBLICATION: Frontiers

AUTHORS

Javier David Benitez Fuentes, Kauzar Mohamed Mohamed, Alicia de Luna Aguilar, Carlos Jiménez García, Kissy Guevara-Hoyer, Miguel Fernandez-Arquero, M Antonia Rodríguez de la Peña, Laura Garciía Bravo, Alejandro Francisco Jiménez Ortega, Paloma Flores Navarro, Jorge Bartolome Arcilla, Bárbara Alonso Arenilla, Elvira Baos Muñoz, Alberto Delgado-Iribarren García-Campero, María Montealegre Sanz, Silvia Sanchez-Ramon, Pedro Perez Segura

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975980

PMID: 36605446

ABSTRACT

Evidence is scant regarding the long-term humoral and cellular responses Q7 triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in cancer patients after repeated booster doses. The possibility of T-cell exhaustion following these booster doses in this population has not yet been fully studied and remains uncertain.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2022

PUBLICATION: PubMed

AUTHORS

Lorin Loacker, Janine Kimpel, Zoltán Bánki, Christoph Q Schmidt, Andrea Griesmacher, Markus Anliker

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0787

PMID: 36245120

INTRODUCTION

The immune response is accompanied by the activation of a highly complex network of immune activator and inhibitor pathways. Immune defense reactions coexist with reactions maintaining self-tolerance and the balance between these processes is crucial. Immune checkpoints play an important role in controlling this network. Inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules minimize collateral tissue damage and are essential for the prevention of autoimmune diseases [1]. One important inhibitory checkpoint receptor is programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) which is typically found on T cells and also on other cells like mature B-cells [2]. Its ligands, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, are regularly expressed on antigen presenting cells like dendritic cells and macrophages; upregulation of PD-L1 is observed after activation of monocytes and granulocytes [3, 4].

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2022

PUBLICATION: PubMed

AUTHORS

Stephanie Seneff, Greg Nigh, Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos, Peter A. McCullough

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113008

PMID: 37328089

INTRODUCTION

The mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were brought to market in response to the public health crises of Covid-19. The utilization of mRNA vaccines in the context of infectious disease has no precedent. The many alterations in the vaccine mRNA hide the mRNA from cellular defenses and promote a longer biological half-life and high production of spike protein. However, the immune response to the vaccine is very different from that to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, we present evidence that vaccination induces a profound impairment in type I interferon signaling, which has diverse adverse consequences to human health. Immune cells that have taken up the vaccine nanoparticles release into circulation large numbers of exosomes containing spike protein along with critical microRNAs that induce a signaling response in recipient cells at distant sites. We also identify potential profound disturbances in regulatory control of protein synthesis and cancer surveillance. These disturbances potentially have a causal link to neurodegenerative disease, myocarditis, immune thrombocytopenia, Bell’s palsy, liver disease, impaired adaptive immunity, impaired DNA damage response and tumorigenesis. We show evidence from the VAERS database supporting our hypothesis. We believe a comprehensive risk/benefit assessment of the mRNA vaccines questions them as positive contributors to public health.

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Study Details

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FOH SERVER HOSTED FILES: Study (PDF) Supplementary Material (ZIP)

PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2021

RETRACTION DATE: May, 2022

PUBLICATION: MDPI

AUTHORS

Hui Jiang and Ya-Fang Mei

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected], [email protected]

DOI: 10.3390/v13102056

PMID: 34696485

ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV–2) has led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic, severely affecting public health and the global economy. Adaptive immunity plays a crucial role in fighting against SARS–CoV–2 infection and directly influences the clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical studies have indicated that patients with severe COVID–19 exhibit delayed and weak adaptive immune responses; however, the mechanism by which SARS–CoV–2 impedes adaptive immunity remains unclear. Here, by using an in vitro cell line, we report that the SARS–CoV–2 spike protein significantly inhibits DNA damage repair, which is required for effective V(D)J recombination in adaptive immunity. Mechanistically, we found that the spike protein localizes in the nucleus and inhibits DNA damage repair by impeding key DNA repair protein BRCA1 and 53BP1 recruitment to the damage site. Our findings reveal a potential molecular mechanism by which the spike protein might impede adaptive immunity and underscore the potential side effects of full-length spike-based vaccines.

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Study Details

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PUBLICATION DATE: November, 2021

PUBLICATION: Frontiers

AUTHORS

Serge Goldman, Dominique Bron, Thomas Tousseyn, Irina Vierasu, Laurent Dewispelaere, Pierre Heimann, Elie Cogan, Michel Goldman

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.798095

PMID: 34901098

ABSTRACT

Since nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines strongly activate T follicular helper cells, it is important to explore the possible impact of approved SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines on neoplasms affecting this cell type. Herein, we report and discuss unexpected rapid progression of lymphomatous lesions after administration of a BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine booster in a man recently diagnosed with AITL. Introduction The remarkable efficiency of nucleoside-modified SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has been related to their ability to induce a potent stimulation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, resulting in persistent germinal center B cell responses (1, 2). Clinically, this might translate into reactive lymphoadenopathy which sometimes may raise a differential diagnosis with a lymphoproliferative disorder (3, 4). At the same time, the possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination on pre-existing peripheral T cell lymphoma is still to be determined.

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PUBLICATION DATE: October, 2020

PUBLICATION: Science Direct

AUTHORS

Nishant Singh, Anuradha Bharara Singh

CORRESPONDENCE TO

[email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100814

PMID: 32619819

ABSTRACT

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest threat to human being globally. The first case was identified in a patient with flu symptoms along with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and now it has spread in more than 200 countries. COVID-19 is more lethal in the elderly and people with an underlying condition such as asthma, cancer, diabetes. Here we performed bioinformatic analysis to investigate the interaction of S2 subunit protein of SARS-nCoV-2 of novel coronavirus with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA-1/2. In this short communication we report the interaction between S2 subunit proteins with tumor suppressor proteins for the first time. This preliminary result will open up a new direction to investigate the effect of a novel coronavirus in cancer patients.

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